![]() ![]() It is written in Ecclesiasticus of the wise man: "He shall go through the land of foreign peoples, and shall try the good and evil in all things." This, my lord King, have I done, and may it have been as a wise man and not as a fool for many do what the wise man doth, though not wisely, but most foolishly of this number I fear I may be. O the most excellent lord and most Christian Louis, by the grace of God illustrious King of the French, from Friar William of Rubruck, the meanest in the order of Minor Friars, greetings, and may he always triumph in Christ. The digitalization has been done by Janeen Richards (April, 2002) the annotation and check against the Jackson translation by Lance Jenott (July, 2002). Alternative translations from the Jackson edition are provided throughout the text in the format. The light annotation provided here has been appropriated from the latter. by Peter Jackson introduction, notes and appendices by Peter Jackson with David Morgan (London: Hakluyt Society, 1990). Notes and some additional headings have been added, and the text checked against the more recent Hakluyt Society translation, whose extensive notes by two noted Mongol specialists make it the preferred edition for those who wish full scholarly annotation: The mission of Friar William of Rubruck : his journey to the court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253-1255, tr. from the Latin and ed., with an introductory notice, by William Woodville Rockhill (London: Hakluyt Society, 1900). Rockhill: The journey of William of Rubruck to the eastern parts of the world, 1253-55, as narrated by himself, with two accounts of the earlier journey of John of Pian de Carpine. His describes generally with great precision Mongol traditional culture, many features of which have survived amongst the herders one may observe today in inner Asia. Understandably, he was particularly interested in the Nestorian Christians. He provides a unique description of the Khan's palace there and abundant detail about the individuals of various ethnicities and religions whom he encountered. William had the distinction of being the first European to visit the Mongol capital of Karakorum on the Orhon River and return to write about it. His roundtrip journey lasted the better part of three years. In 1253 he set out through the lands of the western part of their empire (what we know as the Golden Horde)-that is starting out through the southern steppes of what is now Ukraine and Russia. Rubruck then decided to undertake his own mission to the Mongols primarily in the hope of promoting their conversion to Christianity. William had participated in the crusade of King Louis IX of France to Palestine and there heard about the Mongols from friar Andrew of Longjumeau, a Dominican who had been involved in papal diplomacy aimed at trying to enlist the Mongols in the Christian crusade against the Muslims. 1270) wrote the most detailed and valuable of the early Western accounts of the Mongols. The Khan's letter to the King of FranceĪ Flemish Franciscan monk, William of Rubruck (Willem van Ruysbroeck, ca.Kumiss (fermented mare's milk, called cosmos by Rubruck).The Mongols' social and religious customs celebrations.They have been found at depths up to 226 m (740 ft).William of Rubruck's Account of the Mongols William of Rubruck's Account of the Mongols They often occupy only one den, unless they are driven out by a larger wolf eel or a large octopus. Adults live on the bottom, usually among rocks in subtidal areas. This species ranges from the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan to the Krenitzen Islands, in the Aleutian chain, and to Imperial Beach, southern California. Age at maturity occurs at 4 to 7 years, suggesting these may be long-lived fish. ![]() The maximum lifespan of a wolf eel is not known. Wolf can grow up to 240 cm (7.87 ft) in length, and 18.4 kg (40.5 lbs) in weight. Young wolf eel are often orangish with dark areas merging into stripes at the rear of the body. This species has up to 233 soft anal fin rays. Its dorsal fin is long and has flexible spines and no soft rays. This species lacks pelvic fins and has no lateral line. Larger wolf eels tend to be more mottled. It has dark round spots with pale rings along the body and fins. Color dominance tends to vary between male and female wolf eel with, the females being brown and the males being dominantly grey. The body is mostly gray to brown and sometimes greenish. Monofilament recovery and recycling programĪ long eel-like fish (but not a ‘true’ eel) with a large, square head and stout canine teeth at the front of the mouth. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |